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American RevolutionHistory of the American Revolution in Art and Books
The American Revolution is usually regarded as the battle for separation of the 13 British colonies in the New World from Great Britain from 1775 to 1783, or the War of Independence, and the founding of the new government by the drafting and approval of the Constitution which created the republican United States of America in 1787. Like most conflicts, the causes built gradually over time. In a very general way, it had its roots in the independent spirit necessary to succeed in the colonies, plus the geographical and ideological separation. More specifically, recognized turning points in the relationship are: the French and Indian War (1754-1763); the Stamp Act passed by the British Parliament in 1765 to tax the colonies is challenged by the Virginia Assembly leading to the Stamp Act Congress in New York in which delegates draw up a declaration of rights and liberties; import taxes imposed in 1767 lead to a protest in Boston; Boston refuses to quarter British troops in 1768; disturbance between civilians and troops, "Boston Massacre" in 1770; Boston threatens secession in 1772; "Boston Tea Party" protest against tea duty 1773; Virginia House of Burgesses calls a Continental Congress which meets in Philadelphia with representatives from all colonies except Georgia. Fighting begins in 1775. The Declaration of Independence is signed in 1776. The Continental Congress directed the war effort. In 1781 the states agreed to a union under the Articles of Confederation. At the end of the war, Great Britain recognized their independent nation status. In 1789 a stronger central government was formed by the ratification of the Constitution. General History
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